Bridge Data Fields

Bridge data can be edited on either the Bridge Grid Window of the Links Grid or the Bridge Property Sheet.

To view and edit all bridge data, use the Property Sheet.

This table describes all the bridge specific data which can be used to define a bridge.

Common Data Fields

Fields that are common to the majority of objects can be found in the Common Fields topic.

Bridge Data

Database Table Name: hw_bridge

Show Columns	Database Names
	Size, Type and Units
	Defaults and Error Limits

Field Name

Help Text

Database Field

Data Type

Size

Units

Precision

Default

Error Lower Limit

Error Upper Limit

Warning Lower Limit

Warning Upper Limit

US node ID

Type in a node reference or choose an existing node reference from the drop down list. This makes up the first part of the link reference.

us_node_id

Text

DS node ID

Type in a node reference, or choose an existing node reference from the drop down list.

ds_node_id

Text

Link suffix

A single character between A and Z or 0 and 9 which completes the link reference. This allows a node to have up to 36 downstream links. The suffix is automatically allocated by the software.

link_suffix

Text

Link type

Type of link object, (Bridge).

There are no additional options. The field is hidden on the grid, and read-only on the property sheet

link_type

Text

Bridge

Asset ID

For reference only. Designed as a reference to an asset database, but could be used for anything.

asset_id

Text

System type

Choose the System Type from the dropdown list. See System Type for more information.

Database Value	Description	Help Text
STORM	Storm	Rainfall collection system
FOUL	Foul	Wastewater collection system (UK terminology)
SANITARY	Sanitary	Wastewater collection system (US terminology)
COMBINED	Combined	Rainfall and wastewater collection system
OVERLAND	Overland	Overland floodwater collection system
OTHER	Other	Other system type

system_type

Text

Other

Branch ID

Numeric field used to identify to which long section the link is associated. Can be set manually or automatically (see Defining Branches topic for more information).

branch_id

Long Integer

Sediment depth

You can define a depth of sediment in the invert of the bridge. This sediment reduces the capacity of the bridge by obstructing the flow. The maximum value for the Sediment Depth is 80% of bridge height.

The Sediment Depth represents permanent, consolidated sediment deposits. The system assumes that the sediment is constant; it does not allow for the erosion or deposition of sediment. The transport of sediment through the system is not modelled.

Length

Length of the bridge link

length

Double

Inflow

If the Inflow is lateral simulation parameter is checked, the simulation engine applies this inflow value laterally along the link.

If the Inflow is lateral parameter is not checked, the simulation engine applies this inflow value to the node at the end of the link with the highest invert level. In the case of equal invert levels, the flow is assigned to the upstream node.

There is a default figure for inflow in the user-defined defaults.

inflow

Double

US headloss type

This defines the headloss conditions at the upstream end of the opening. InfoWorks ICM provides four built-in headloss curves, or you can define your own headloss curves.

The four built-in curves are:

High	for example badly benched manholes
None	no headloss
Normal	for exanple well constructed manholes
Fixed	the headloss coefficient represents the k value in the headloss equation. Unlike normal and high headloss types the k value remains the same regardless of surcharge ratio and flow direction

Select the curve you want from the dropdown list.

The default value is set from User Defined Defaults.

For more information on headloss, and how to define your own headloss curves, see Headloss Curves.

us_headloss_type

Text

US headloss coefficient

Multiplying factor for the selected headloss curve to represent additional losses

us_headloss_coeff

Double

DS headloss type

See US headloss type

ds_headloss_type

Text

DS headloss coefficient

Multiplying factor for the selected headloss curve to represent additional losses

ds_headloss_coeff

Double

US invert level

Read-only field.

Invert level for the upstream end of the link. Value is set to the lowest level of the Contraction reach US link section data.

us_invert

Double

-9999

9999

6000

DS invert level

Read-only field.

Invert level for the downstream end of the link. Value is set to the lowest level of the Expansion reach DS link section data.

ds_invert

Double

-9999

9000

6000

US link section data

Cross section data for upstream end of the link. This is generally the same as the downstream section of the previous reach.

Offset (cross chainage) values are automatically calculated from X and Y coordinates, but are not exported or imported when exporting to / importing from external files.

If a ground model is loaded onto the GeoPlan Window, a trace displaying the ground model elevation can be turned on or off on the graph at the bottom of the editor.

If results are loaded onto the GeoPlan Window, a trace displaying the water level at this section at the current timestep will be displayed on the graph at the bottom of the editor.

Database Table Name: hw_bridge_sect

Show Columns	Database Names
	Size, Type and Units
	Defaults and Error Limits

Position in Data Structure	Field Name	Help Text	Database Field	Data Type	Size	Units	Error Lower Limit	Error Upper Limit	Warning Lower Limit	Warning Upper Limit
1	X Coordinate	X coordinate of section vertex	X	Double		L
2	Y Coordinate	Y coordinate of section vertex	Y	Double		L
3	Level	Elevation of section vertex. This is the elevation of the bed at the toe of the embankment for upstream and downstream sections.	Z	Double		Z	-9999	9999	0	6000
4	Roughness Manning's n	Roughness value - enter the n value for the Manning's equation. The roughness value applies between the point at which it is defined and the next point along the section. This means that the last value of Manning's n will have no effect, but it still needs to be defined.	roughness_N	Double			0		0
6	New Panel	Check to denote the start of a new panel	new_panel	Boolean
7	Opening	Applicable to US bridge section data, DS bridge section data and Bridge deck data. ID of Bridge Opening object defining geometry of opening. Requires two entries: one at closest vertex left of opening and one at closes vertex right of opening. See Bridge Openings topic for further details.	opening_id	Text	64
8	Side	Applicable to US bridge section data, DS bridge section data and Bridge deck data. Left to specify left hand side of opening. Right to specify right hand side of opening. See Bridge Openings topic for further details.	opening_side	Text	5

us_link_section

Array

Contraction loss

Contraction coefficient applied to forward flow in contraction reach.

contraction_loss

Double

0.3

Reverse flow expansion loss

Expansion coefficient applied to reverse flow in contraction reach

reverse_contraction_loss

Double

0.5

US contraction sediment grading

Defines the bed material distribution at the upstream end of the contraction reach.

Select a Sediment Grading from the dropdown list.

InfoWorks ICM provides a default Sediment Grading, or user defined gradings may be added in the Sediment Grading Window of the Links Grid.

us_sediment_grading_contraction

Text

Default

DS contraction sediment grading

Defines the bed material distribution at the downstream end of the contraction reach.

Select a Sediment Grading from the dropdown list.

InfoWorks ICM provides a default Sediment Grading, or user defined gradings may be added in the Sediment Grading Window of the Links Grid.

ds_sediment_grading_contraction

Text

Default

Limit erosion in contraction by

Select method to be used to specify bed level at which erosion will be prevented from occurring in the contraction reach:

Database Value	Description
Depth	Specify depth relative to original river section invert level in the Erosion depth limit field
Level	Specify level above datum in the Erosion level limit field
Depth and level	Specify both Erosion depth limit and Erosion level limit values
Unlimited	Erosion will not be limited

erosion_limit_type_contraction

Text

Depth

Erosion depth limit in contraction

Erosion in the contraction reach will be prevented from occurring below the depth specified, where depth is measured relative to river section invert level.

A value of zero or null specifies that erosion will not occur below the original bed level.

Enabled when Limit erosion by is set to Depth or Depth and level.

erosion_depth_limit_contraction

Double

Erosion level limit in contraction

Erosion in the contraction reach will be prevented from occurring below the level specified.

Enabled when Limit erosion by is set to Level or Depth and level.

erosion_level_limit_contraction

Double

Limit deposition depth in contraction

Check this option to impose an upper limit on depth of sediment in contraction reach that can be deposited above the original section depth.

limit_deposit_depth_contraction

Boolean

Deposition limit in contraction

Maximum allowable depth of deposition in contraction reach above the original section depth.

Enabled when Limit deposition depth in contraction is checked.

deposit_limit_contraction

Double

Bed updating in contraction

Select the method to be used to update bed level in the contraction reach:

Database Value

Description

Invert

Sediment is deposited and eroded from the invert of the channel.

Erosion of the original section will not occur.

Uniform

Deposition and erosion will be modelled uniformly across the section.

bed_updating_contraction

Text

Invert

Active layer depth in contraction

Active layer thickness in contraction reach.

Applicable when Active layer depth method in Water Quality and Sediment Parameters is set to Explicit.

aldepth_contraction

Double

User Defined Defaults

Active layer depth factor in contraction

Multiplying factor for calculating active layer thickness in contraction reach.

Applicable when Active layer depth method in Water Quality and Sediment Parameters is set to D50 or D90.

aldepth_factor_contraction

Double

User Defined Defaults

Limit erosion rate in contraction

Check this option to impose an upper limit on rate of erosion in the contraction reach when modelling sediment transport.

limit_erosion_rate_contraction

Boolean

Max erosion rate in contraction

Enabled if Limit erosion rate in contraction is checked.

The maximum rate of erosion that will be applied in the contraction reach when modelling sediment transport.

max_erosion_rate_contraction

Double

ERODERATE

User Defined Defaults

Limit deposition rate in contraction

Check this option to impose an upper limit on rate of deposition in the contraction reach when modelling sediment transport.

limit_deposit_rate_contraction

Boolean

Max deposition rate in contraction

Enabled if Limit deposition rate in contraction is checked.

The maximum rate of deposition that will be applied in the contraction reach when modelling sediment transport.

max_deposition_rate_contraction

Double

ERODERATE

User Defined Defaults

Base Height

(contraction)

Height above invert of link.

Indicates where the nominal base is with regards to the use of the two (side and base) infiltration coefficients.

base_height_con

Double

0.0

Contraction base infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the base of the bridge contraction into the ground. Applicable between the invert and the Base Height of the bridge contraction.

infiltration_coeff_base_con

Double

36000

Contraction side infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the side of the bridge contraction into the ground. Applicable above the Base Height of the bridge contraction.

infiltration_coeff_side_con

Double

36000

1D diffusion type (contraction)

The type 1D diffusion can be set to River or Estuary. The default is Estuary unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Set to Estuary to calculate a diffusion coefficient that varies with tidal discharge and/or the longitudinal salinity gradient, or set to River to calculate a diffusion coefficient that is related to shear velocity.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_type_cont

Text

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d0 (contraction)

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d0 is a constant which is used to prevent unrealistically low values of dispersion from arising.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d0 is the minimum diffusion coefficient.

The value of d0 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d0_cont

Double

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d1 (contraction)

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d1 is a constant which represents the amount of dispersion caused by tidal mixing in the estuary.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d1 is the shear velocity factor.

The value of d1 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

If the values d1 and d2 are zero, the diffusion coefficient is constant (the value of d0).

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d1_cont

Double

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d2 (contraction)

This field is only enabled when 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary.

d2 is a constant which determines the effect of salinity gradient on dispersion. The value of d2 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

If the value of d2 is non-zero then you should ensure that SAL (salt) is specified as a determinant in the QM parameters dialog. If the values d1 and d2 are zero the diffusion coefficient is constant (the value of d0).

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d2_cont

Double

User Defined Defaults

US bridge section data

Cross section data for upstream face of the bridge, at the toe of the embankment.

See US link section data

us_bridge_section

Array

DS bridge section data

Cross section data for downstream face of the bridge, at the toe of the embankment.

See US link section data

ds_bridge_section

Array

Skew angle (degree)

Angle of the bridge deck in relation to the centre line of the bridge link.

Default value is the angle between the bridge link and the upstream face bridge section.

skew_angle

Double

-89.99

89.99

Skew openings and piers

If this field is checked, it is assumed that the width of openings associated with the bridge are measured along the line of the bridge section, i.e. the opening is perpendicular to the section.

If this field is unchecked, it is assumed that widths are measured perpendicular to the bridge link, i.e. the opening is parallel with the river. Openings will be projected onto the bridge sections by dividing the bridge opening width by the cosine of the Skew angle.

This has the effect of lengthening the bridge opening width. Any piers belonging to the opening are also projected.

skew_openings

Boolean

Bridge deck data

Cross section data for deck of bridge.

See US link section data

bridge_deck

Array

Discharge coefficient

Coefficient of discharge

discharge_coeff

Double

1.7

0.01

Modular limit

The ratio (downstream depth above crest) / (upstream depth above crest) over which the bridge is assumed to be drowned.

modular_limit

Double

0.9

DS link section data

Cross section data for downstream end of the link.

See US link section data

ds_link_section

Array

Expansion loss

Expansion coefficient applied to forward flow in expansion reach.

expansion_loss

Double

0.5

Reverse flow contraction loss

Contraction coefficient applied to reverse flow in expansion reach.

reverse_expansion_loss

Double

0.3

US expansion sediment grading

Defines the bed material distribution at the upstream end of the expansion reach.

Select a Sediment Grading from the dropdown list.

InfoWorks ICM provides a default Sediment Grading, or user defined gradings may be added in the Sediment Grading Window of the Links Grid.

us_sediment_grading_expansion

Text

Default

DS expansion sediment grading

Defines the bed material distribution at the downstream end of the expansion reach.

Select a Sediment Grading from the dropdown list.

InfoWorks ICM provides a default Sediment Grading, or user defined gradings may be added in the Sediment Grading Window of the Links Grid.

ds_sediment_grading_expansion

Text

Default

Limit erosion in expansion by

Select method to be used to specify bed level at which erosion will be prevented from occurring in the expansion reach:

Database Value	Description
Depth	Specify depth relative to original river section invert level in the Erosion depth limit field
Level	Specify level above datum in the Erosion level limit field
Depth and level	Specify both Erosion depth limit and Erosion level limit values
Unlimited	Erosion will not be limited

erosion_limit_type_expansion

Text

Depth

Erosion depth limit in expansion

Erosion in the expansion reach will be prevented from occurring below the depth specified, where depth is measured relative to river section invert level.

A value of zero or null specifies that erosion will not occur below the original bed level.

Enabled when Limit erosion by is set to Depth or Depth and level.

erosion_depth_limit_expansion

Double

Erosion level limit in expansion

Erosion in the expansion reach will be prevented from occurring below the level specified.

Enabled when Limit erosion by is set to Level or Depth and level.

erosion_level_limit_expansion

Double

Limit deposition depth in expansion

Check this option to impose an upper limit on depth of sediment in expansion reach that can be deposited above the original section depth.

limit_deposit_depth_expansion

Boolean

Deposition limit in expansion

Maximum allowable depth of deposition in expansion reach above the original section depth.

Enabled when Limit deposition depth in expansion reach is checked.

deposit_limit_expansion

Double

Bed updating in expansion

Select the method to be used to update bed level in the expansion reach:

Database Value

Description

Invert

Sediment is deposited and eroded from the invert of the channel.

Erosion of the original section will not occur.

Note that erodible depth (set in Erosion depth limit field) must be zero when using this method.

Uniform

Deposition and erosion will be modelled uniformly across the section.

bed_updating_expansion

Text

Invert

Active layer depth in expansion

Active layer thickness in expansion reach.

Applicable when Active layer depth method in Water Quality and Sediment Parameters is set to Explicit.

aldepth_expansion

Double

User Defined Defaults

Active layer depth factor in expansion

Multiplying factor for calculating active layer thickness in expansion reach.

Applicable when Active layer depth method in Water Quality and Sediment Parameters is set to D50 or D90.

aldepth_factor_expansion

Double

User Defined Defaults

Limit erosion rate in expansion

Check this option to impose an upper limit on rate of erosion in the expansion reach when modelling sediment transport.

limit_erosion_rate_expansion

Boolean

Max erosion rate in expansion

Enabled if Limit erosion rate in expansion is checked.

The maximum rate of erosion that will be applied in the expansion reach when modelling sediment transport.

max_erosion_rate_expansion

Double

ERODERATE

User Defined Defaults

Limit deposition rate in expansion

Check this option to impose an upper limit on rate of deposition in the expansion reach when modelling sediment transport.

limit_deposit_rate_expansion

Boolean

Max deposition rate in expansion

Enabled if Limit deposition rate in expansion is checked.

The maximum rate of deposition that will be applied in the expansion reach when modelling sediment transport.

max_deposition_rate_expansion

Double

ERODERATE

User Defined Defaults

Base Height

(expansion)

Height above invert of link.

Indicates where the nominal base is with regards to the use of the two (side and base) infiltration coefficients.

base_height_exp

Double

0.0

Expansion base infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the base of the bridge expansion into the ground. Applicable between the invert and the Base Height of the bridge expansion.

infiltration_coeff_base_exp

Double

36000

Expansion side infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the side of the bridge expansion into the ground. Applicable above the Base Height of the bridge expansion.

infiltration_coeff_side_exp

Double

36000

1D diffusion type (expansion)

The type of 1D diffusion can be set to River or Estuary. The default is Estuary unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_type_exp

Text

User Defined Default

1D diffusion d0 (expansion)

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d0 is a constant which is used to prevent unrealistically low values of dispersion from arising.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d0 is the minimum diffusion coefficient.

The value of d0 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d0_exp

Double

User Defined Default

1D diffusion d1 (expansion)

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d1 is a constant which represents the amount of dispersion caused by tidal mixing in the estuary.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d1 is the shear velocity factor.

The value of d1 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

If the values d1 and d2 are zero, the diffusion coefficient is constant (the value of d0).

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d1_exp

Double

User Defined Default

1D diffusion d2 (expansion)

This field is only enabled when 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary. d2 is a constant which determines the effect of salinity gradient on dispersion. The value of d2 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d2_exp

Double

User Defined Default

Length

Length of the bridge link

length

Double