Conduit Data Fields (InfoWorks)

Conduit data can be edited on either the Conduit Grid Window of the Links Grid or the Conduit Property Sheet.

To view and edit all conduit data, use the Property Sheet.

This table describes all the conduit specific data which can be used to define a conduit. For details of results fields for conduits, see the Link Results Data Fields topic.

Common Data Fields

Fields that are common to the majority of objects can be found in the Common Fields topic.

Conduit Data

Database Table Name: hw_conduit

Show Columns	Database Names
	Size, Type and Units
	Defaults and Error Limits

Field Name

Help Text

Database Field

Data Type

Size

Units

Precision

Default

Error Lower Limit

Error Upper Limit

Warning Lower Limit

Warning Upper Limit

US node ID

Type in a node reference or choose an existing node reference from the drop-down list. This makes up the first part of the link reference.

us_node_id

Text

DS node ID

Type in a node reference, or choose an existing node reference from the drop-down list.

ds_node_id

Text

Link suffix

A single character between A and Z or 0 and 9 which completes the link reference. This allows a node to have up to 36 downstream links. The suffix is automatically allocated by the software.

link_suffix

Text

Link type

There are no additional options. The field is hidden on the grid, and read-only on the property sheet.

link_type

Text

Cond

Asset ID

For reference only. Designed as a reference to an asset database, but could be used for anything.

asset_id

Text

Sewer reference

An optional reference to identify the sewer of which this conduit is a part.

sewer_reference

Text

System type

Choose the System Type from the drop-down list. See System Type for more information.

Database Value	Description	Help Text
STORM	Storm	Rainfall collection system
FOUL	Foul	Wastewater collection system (UK terminology)
SANITARY	Sanitary	Wastewater collection system (US terminology)
COMBINED	Combined	Rainfall and wastewater collection system
OVERLAND	Overland	Overland floodwater collection system
OTHER	Other	Other system type

system_type

Text

Other

Branch ID

Numeric field used to identify to which long section the link is associated.

Can be set manually or automatically (see Defining Branches topic for more information).

branch_id

Long Integer

US settlement efficiency (%)

The settlement efficiency fields allow you to set the effectiveness of an overflow for trapping out sediment. The overflow is a link (normally a pipe) attached to a node acting as a storage tank (storage node or manhole).

Normally the upstream end of the link will be attached to the node and act as the overflow.

The upstream settlement efficiency determines the efficiency for the overflow.

In some circumstances the link may be reversed (storage tank at the downstream end) and the downstream settlement efficiency will be used.

In many cases an overflow will attach to an outfall from the system.

It would be very unusual to have both upstream settlement efficiency and downstream settlement efficiency set to non-zero values.

The valid range is 0-100%. 0% means the overflow acts as a normal continuation link. 100% means that the overflow traps out as much sediment as possible.

us_settlement_eff

Long Integer

100

DS settlement efficiency (%)

See US settlement efficiency

ds_settlement_eff

Long Integer

100

Solution model

The solution model can be selected from a dropdown list:

Full	The full solution model applies the St. Venant equations. You can use this model with surcharged or non-surcharged pipes.
Permeable	The permeable model applies when modelling SUDS structures. Permeable media is modelled using the 4-point Preissmann finite difference scheme, where the conservation of mass equation is as for the St Venant equations, but the dynamic equation is replaced by the Darcy equation.
Pressure	The pressurised pipe model gives more accurate results for permanently surcharged pipes. Note the following restrictions: The model applies only to closed pipes, not open channels. The model assumes that the pipe is fully surcharged; that is, the depth throughout the pipe is greater than pipe height. If these restrictions do not apply to the conduit, the full solution model will be used.
ForceMain	The "ForceMain" model is an advanced feature used to represent some pressurised systems. Please contact Innovyze Support for detailed information about when it is appropriate to use the ForceMain solution.
FiniteVolume	Uses the Finite Volume solver which is the most appropriate solution model for the representation of trans-critical flows.

See the Hydraulic Theory topic for further information.

solution_model

Text

Full

Minimum computational nodes

The global minimum number of computational nodes per conduit. Controls always have 2 computational nodes. The software will allocate at least 5 computational nodes per conduit.

The default value is set in the Simulation Parameters.

min_computational_nodes

Long Integer

99999999

Critical sewer sategory

This is the critical sewer category as determined from the Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual (SRM). Choose the category A, B, C, or - for no defined category, from the drop-down menu. (See SRM Vol. I, Section 2.3.1).

Database Value	Description
-	-
A	A
B	B
C	C

critical_sewer_category

Text

Taking off reference

This field can be used to provide more detail for critical sewer classification as defined in the Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual (Vol. 2, Section 1.2.2).

taking_off_reference

Text

Conduit material

Some methods of measurement (for example CESMM) require a conduit material. Choose one of the following from the drop-down list:

Clay	Clay
Conc	Concrete
GRP	Glass Reinforced Plastic
HDPE	high density polyethylene
Iron	Iron
MEDPE	medium density polyethylene
PVC	polyvinyl chloride
STEEL	steel
Unkn	unknown/not yet allocated

conduit_material

Text

UNKN

Design group

Design group - for information.

design_group

Long Integer

Site condition

Database Value	Description
Road	Road
Pavement	Pavement
Unpaved	Unpaved
Field	Field

site_condition

Text

ROAD

Ground condition

Database Value	Description
Suburbs	Suburbs
Rural	Rural
Urban	Urban
Unstable	Unstable

ground_condition

Text

SUBURBS

Conduit type

The type of conduit can be selected from the drop-down list. Types available:

Database Value	Description
Conduit	A closed pipe or an open channel (default)
Conduit 2D	Typically a culvert. Used for 2D modelling. See 2D Conduits for further information.
Linear drainage (2D)	Typically a linear gully. Used in 2D modelling. See 2D Conduits for further information.
Culvert	A conduit which conveys flow through an embankment or past some other type of flow obstruction. See Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition for further information.

Conduit_type

Text

Conduit

Min space step

The minimum computational length per Conduit (2D) type of conduit. This overrides the Min space step set in the simulation parameters. See 2D Conduits for further information.

min_space_step

Double

Slot width

The width of the slot or trench in a Linear Drainage (2D) type of conduit. See 2D Conduits for further information.

slot_width

Double

Vertical connection coefficient

The coefficient to be used for the vertical connection in a Linear Drainage (2D) type of conduit. See 2D Conduits for further information.

connection_coefficient

Double

1.0

Shape ID

Select a Shape from the drop-down list or type in a shape name.

The Shape ID can only be set to CIRC or RECT for a Conduit (2D) or Linear Drainage (2D) type of conduit.

shape

Text

CIRC

Width

Width value used to calculate cross sectional geometry of the conduit.

For trapezoidal channels this is the bed width.

For other open channels this is the width at the top of the channel lining, or at the maximum design water level.

For pipes this is the overall width of one barrel.

For user-defined shapes, this value is multiplied by the width values in the normalised shape profile.

conduit_width

Double

Height

Height value used to calculate cross sectional geometry of the conduit.

For open channels this is the height to the top of the channel lining, or to the maximum water level.

For pipes this is the height of one barrel.

For user-defined shapes, this value is multiplied by the height values in the normalised shape profile.

conduit_height

Double

Springing height

Enabled when Shape ID is set to ARCHSPRUNG.

Difference in elevation between the invert and the springing point.

springing_height

Double

Sediment depth

You can define a depth of sediment in the invert of the conduit. This sediment reduces the capacity of the conduit by obstructing the flow. The maximum value for the Sediment Depth is 80% of conduit height.

The Sediment Depth represents permanent, consolidated sediment deposits. The system assumes that the sediment is constant; it does not allow for the erosion or deposition of sediment. The transport of sediment through the system is not modelled.

The default value for an individual conduit is the global value specified in the User Defined Defaults (which has a default value of zero).

When running water quality simulations, you can choose whether the sediment transport calculations carried out by the water quality engine feed back to the hydraulic engine. If they do not, the hydraulic calculations continue to use the fixed Sediment depth value.

sediment_depth

Double

Number of barrels

The number of barrels, ie, identical, parallel conduits, that exist between the specified US node ID and DS node ID. Default is 1 (ie, a single conduit).

number_of_barrels

Long Integer

100

Roughness type

Choose either CW (Colebrook-White) or Manning equations for hydraulic roughness.

For Conduit 2D or Linear Drainage 2D types of conduit, the Roughness type must be set to Manning.

Database Value	Description	Help Text
CW	Colebrook-White	Enter the Ks value for the Colebrook-White equation. The InfoWorks ICM native unit for the Ks value is Millimetres.
HW	Hazen Williams	Enter the C value for the Hazen-Williams equation. The use of the Hazen-Williams equation is valid for conduits with Solution model of ForceMain only. The Hazen-Williams roughness values will be converted to Manning roughness before being passed to the engine using the SWMM5 formula: Where: conduit_height is in ft (If conduit gradient is zero, the above equation will fail. For conduits with zero gradient, a gradient value of 0.0001 will be used for conversion purposes.)
MANNING	Manning's 1/n	Enter the 1/n value for the Manning's equation. Using 1/n as input to the Manning's equation is a common practice as 1/n is normally a more manageable number
N	Manning's n	Enter the n value for the Manning's equation

roughness_type

Text

Bottom roughness Colebrook-White

The roughness value for the bottom third of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to CW.

bottom_roughness_CW

Double

RCW

Top roughness Colebrook-White

The roughness value for the top two-thirds of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to CW.

top_roughness_CW

Double

RCW

Bottom roughness Manning's 1/n

The roughness value for the bottom third of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to MANNING.

bottom_roughness_Manning

Double

Top roughness Manning's 1/n

The roughness value for the top two-thirds of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to MANNING.

top_roughness_Manning

Double

Bottom roughness Manning's n

The roughness value for the bottom third of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to N.

bottom_roughness_N

Double

Top roughness Manning's n

The roughness value for the top two-thirds of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to N.

top_roughness_N

Double

Bottom roughness HW

The roughness value for the bottom third of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to HW.

bottom_roughness_HW

Double

Top roughness HW

The roughness value for the top two-thirds of the conduit.

Used when Roughness type is set to HW.

top_roughness_HW

Double

Base height

Height above invert of link.

Indicates where the nominal base is with regards to the use of the two (side and base) infiltration coefficients.

base_height

Double

0.0

Length

This is the length of the conduit. To preserve the stability of the model, lengths between 5m and 500m (16 and 1640 ft) are recommended.

conduit_length

Double

5000

US invert level

This is the invert level for the upstream end of the link, measured above system datum. You must enter a value for this field. There is no restriction on whether the upstream or downstream invert level is higher

us_invert

Double

-9999

9999

6000

US headloss type

Defines the headloss conditions at the upstream end of the link. InfoWorks ICM provides built-in headloss type options, or a user defined headloss curve may be defined.

Set to NONE when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

See the Headloss Curves topic for further information on the headloss type options:

Database Value	Description
FHWA	Headloss is calculated based on the FHWA Inlet and Access Hole Energy Loss method as described in the FHWA HEC 22 Urban Drainage Manual. Appropriate for closed conduits connected to manholes. IMPORTANT In order to use the FHWA headloss condition for networks created in versions of InfoWorks ICM prior to version 3.5, it is necessary to validate the network. Validating the network will update the built-in headloss curves to include the FHWA curve type.
FIXED	Headloss is calculated using a built-in headloss curve. Appropriate for situations when there is a known headloss, such as entry into a reservoir or an open channel with bends.
HIGH	Headloss is calculated using a built-in headloss curve. Appropriate for badly connected manholes that are benched only to half pipe height.
NONE	No headloss assumed.
NORMAL	Headloss is calculated using a built-in headloss curve. Appropriate for well-constructed manholes on pipe systems, or for small open channel systems.

The default value is set from User Defined Defaults.

us_headloss_type

Text

US headloss coefficient

Not displayed when US headloss type is set to FHWA or NONE.

This is a multiplying factor for the selected headloss curve to represent additional losses due to:

angle of approach of a conduit to a manhole
headloss at additional intermediate manholes not included in the model
bends
bad construction

The default is a value of 1.0, unless overridden by a user-defined default. The list below shows recommended values for angle of approach.

Angle	Bend Value
30	3.3
60	6.0
90	6.6
>90	8.0

See Headloss Curves for more information.

us_headloss_coeff

Double

DS invert level

See US invert level

ds_invert

Double

-9999

9000

6000

DS headloss type

See US headloss type

ds_headloss_type

Text

DS headloss coefficient

Not displayed when DS headloss type is set to FHWA or NONE.

See US headloss coefficient

ds_headloss_coeff

Double

Inflow

If the Inflow is lateral simulation parameter is checked, the simulation engine applies this inflow value laterally along the link.

If the Inflow is lateral parameter is not checked, the simulation engine applies this inflow value to the node at the end of the link with the highest invert level. In the case of equal invert levels, the flow is assigned to the upstream node.

There is a default figure for inflow in the user-defined defaults.

inflow

Double

Gradient

Calculated from upstream and downstream invert levels and conduit length.

Gradient is calculated automatically when carrying out Network Validation.

gradient

Double

Conduit full capacity

The capacity of the link flowing just full.

Calculated automatically when carrying out Network Validation.

capacity

Double

Is merged

Check box to show if this conduit was created by merging other conduits together.

is_merged

Boolean

Base infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the base of the conduit into the ground. Applicable between the invert and the Base height of the conduit.

infiltration_coeff_base

Double

36000

Side infiltration loss coefficient

The rate of infiltration from the side of the conduit into the ground. Applicable above the Base height of the conduit.

infiltration_coeff_side

Double

36000

1D diffusion type

The type 1D diffusion can be set to River or Estuary. The default is River unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Set to Estuary to calculate a diffusion coefficient that varies with tidal discharge and/or the longitudinal salinity gradient, or set to River to calculate a diffusion coefficient that is related to shear velocity.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_type

Text

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d0

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d0 is a constant which is used to prevent unrealistically low values of dispersion from arising.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d0 is the minimum diffusion coefficient.

The value of d0 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d0

Double

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d1

If 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary, then d1 is a constant which represents the amount of dispersion caused by tidal mixing in the estuary.

If 1D diffusion type is set to River, then d1 is the shear velocity factor.

The value of d1 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

If the values d1 and d2 are zero, the diffusion coefficient is constant (the value of d0).

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d1

Double

User Defined Defaults

1D diffusion d2

This field is only enabled when 1D diffusion type is set to Estuary.

d2 is a constant which determines the effect of salinity gradient on dispersion. The value of d2 must be ≥0 m2/s. The default is 0 m2/s unless overridden by a user-defined default.

Note

If the value of d2 is non-zero then you should ensure that SAL (salt) is specified as a determinant in the QM parameters dialog. If the values d1 and d2 are zero the diffusion coefficient is constant (the value of d0).

Used for 1D diffusion water quality simulations only.

diff1_d2_cont

Double

User Defined Defaults

Porosity

Applicable to conduits of Solution model type Permeable.

The ratio of voids volume to total volume of permeable media. The porosity will directly affect the water levels in the structure. Depth will vay in inverse proportion to porosity, e.g. if porosity is 30%, then the depth will be twice that of a conduit with porosity 60%.

Used for modelling SUDS structures.

porosity

Double

0.0001

Fill material conductivity

Applicable to conduits of Solution model type Permeable.

A measure of the ability of permeable media to conduct water. Water flow increases as conductivity increases.

Used for modelling SUDS structures.

fill_material_conductivity

Double

0.0000001

Culvert code

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

The code assigned to the culvert inlet.

The codes are based on culvert shape and material, and inlet and edge types as defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

The selected code determines the values that the software automatically assigns to the K, M, c ,Y and Inlet headloss coefficient (Ki) fields for the culvert inlet, if the #D flag is set on those fields. The assigned values are defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

inlet_type_code

Long Integer

Reverse flow model

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Determines how the engine models reverse flow: either as a nominal headloss or by using the culvert outlet model.

Database Value	Description
NOMINAL	Nominal head loss
OUTLET	Become outlet

reverse_flow_model

Text

Nominal

Equation

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

The form of the unsubmerged inlet control equation, as defined in Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition, that is used to calculate the water level immediately upstream of the inlet.

Database Value	Description
A	Form 1 in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition
B	Form 2 in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition

The values assigned to the fields K and M for the culvert inlet may change depending on which equation is selected, if the #D flag is set on those fields. The assigned values are defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

equation

Text

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Unsubmerged inlet control loss coefficient.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is set by the software when a Culvert code is selected for the culvert inlet.

The assigned value may change depending on which Equation is selected.

Double

0.005

0.0001

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Exponent of flow intensity for inlet control.

If the #D flag is set on this field, this value is automatically set by the software when a Culvert code is selected for the culvert inlet.

The assigned value may change depending on which Equation is selected.

Double

1.0

0.01

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Submerged inlet control loss coefficient.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when a Culvert code is selected for the culvert inlet.

Double

0.03

0.01

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Submerged inlet control adjustment factor.

If the #Dflag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when a Culvert code is selected for the culvert inlet.

Double

0.75

0.01

Inlet headloss coefficient (Ki)

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

The inlet headloss coefficient constant.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when a Culvert code is selected for the culvert inlet.

us_ki

Double

0.5

0.01

Outlet headloss coefficient (Ko)

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert and Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

Outlet headloss coefficient, usually 1.0.

us_ko

Double

0.01

Outlet culvert code

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

The code assigned to the culvert outlet.

The codes are based on culvert shape and material, and inlet and edge types as defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

The selected code determines the values that the software automatically assigns to the K (outlet), M (outlet), c (outlet), Y (outlet) and Inlet headloss coefficient (Ki) fields for the culvert outlet, if the #D flag is set on those fields. The assigned values are defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

outlet_type_code

Long Integer

Outlet Equation

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

The form of the unsubmerged inlet control equation, as defined in Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition, that is used to calculate the water level immediately upstream of the inlet.

Database Value	Description
A	Form 1 in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition
B	Form 2 in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition

The values assigned to the fields K (outlet) and M (outlet) for the culvert outlet may change depending on which equation is selected, if the #Dflag is set on those fields. The assigned values are defined in the Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Third Edition.

equation_o

Text

K (outlet)

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

Unsubmerged inlet control loss coefficient.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is set by the software when an Outlet culvert code is selected for the culvert outlet.

The assigned value may change depending on which Equation is selected.

k_o

Double

0.005

0.0001

M (outlet)

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

Exponent of flow intensity for inlet control.

If the #D flag is set on this field, this value is automatically set by the software when an Outlet culvert code is selected for the culvert outlet.

The assigned value may change depending on which Equation is selected.

m_o

Double

1.0

0.01

c (outlet)

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

Submerged inlet control loss coefficient.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when an Outlet culvert code is selected for the culvert outlet.

c_o

Double

0.03

0.01

Y (outlet)

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

Submerged inlet control adjustment factor.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when an Outlet culvert code is selected for the culvert outlet.

y_o

Double

0.75

0.01

Inlet headloss coefficient (Ki)

Displayed when Reverse flow model for the culvert inlet is set to OUTLET.

The inlet headloss coefficient constant.

If the #D flag is set on this field, the value is automatically set by the software when an Outlet culvert code is selected for the culvert outlet.

ds_ki

Double

0.5

0.01

Outlet headloss coefficient (Ko)

Displayed when Conduit type is set to Culvert.

Outlet headloss coefficient, usually 1.0.

ds_ko

Double

0.01

InfoAsset unique ID

Unique ID associated with the corresponding object in an InfoAsset Manager database. When importing from InfoAsset Manager, the InfoAsset ID can be copied from the InfoAsset database in order to maintain links between the two networks.

asset_uid

GUID

InfoAsset US node ID

Used to store the US node ID of the corresponding InfoAsset object when Importing from a Collection Network.

infonet_us_node_id

Text

InfoAsset DS node ID

Used to store the DS node ID of the corresponding InfoAsset object when Importing from a Collection Network.

infonet_ds_node_id

Text

InfoAsset link suffix

Used to store the link suffix of the corresponding InfoAsset object when Importing from a Collection Network.

infonet_link_suffix

Text

Points

This field defines the geometry of the link. The underlying data consists of a series of (x,y) pairs defining the vertices of the link. Each link is made up of a series of straight lines between the defined (x,y) points.

This data is not displayed on the grid or property sheet.

Link Vertice Export

Link vertices are included when you export link data to CSV files. There are two options available for exporting link vertices. These are selected on the Select CSV Export Options Dialog using the Coordinate Arrays Format dropdown list. The options are:

Packed - The data is exported as a series of x,y pairs.

Separately - the data is appended to the end of the row containing the link data. Each x and y value is in a separate (comma separated) field.

point_array

Array